转载自：http://www.firefoxbug.com/index.php/archives/2776/
对于rpm包的命名符合如下规范。
%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}.%{ARCH}.rpm
NAME: rpm包名字
VERSION: rpm包版本号(主版本号.次版本号.测试号)
RELEASE: rpm包编译发布次数(第几次编译发布)
ARCH: cpu架构(比如i386和x86_64，i386兼容x86_64，noarch的代表一些列脚本)
比如nginx-1.4.0-24.x86.rpm，nginx-1.4.0-24.x86_64.rpm有一个test.py，去读取当前conf目录下的test.conf文件中的版本号，然后1秒打印一次日志到/tmp/test_rpm.log
---------test.py------------
#!/usr/bin/python
print "Hello World"
--------conf/test.conf------------
Version=0.1
再看下路径结构
.
|-- conf
| `-- test.conf
`-- test.py
制作成一个rpm包，安装之后出现这样的目录结构
/usr/local/rpm_test
.
|-- conf
| `-- test.conf
`-- test.py
制作rpm包是通过rpmbuild来生成的。
安装rpmbuild工具
$ sudo yum install rpm-build
$ rpmbuild --version
RPM version 4.4.2.3
建立独立的打包目录
$ cat >${HOME}/.rpmmacros << EOF
%_topdir $HOME/rpmbuild
EOF
$ mkdir ${HOME}/rpmbuild/
$ cd ${HOME}/rpmbuild/
$ mkdir BUILD RPMS SOURCES SPECS SRPMS
1. 把要打包的配置文件放到 ${HOME}/rpmbuild/SOURCES/ 下面
2. 在${HOME}/rpmbuild/SPEC下面建立一个test.spec文件，建立好后目录如下
.
|-- BUILD
|-- RPMS
|-- SOURCES
| |-- test.conf
| `-- test.py
|-- SPECS
| `-- test.spec
`-- SRPMS
spec文件是打rpm包的关键环节，spec文件里指定了rpm包的基本信息，安装好后的环境
Name: rpm_test
Version: 0.0.1
Release: 3
Buildarch: noarch
Group: tools
Summary: rpm_test
License: Commercial
BuildArch: noarch
BuildRoot: %{_buildrootdir}
Prefix: /usr/local/rpm_test
AutoReqProv: no
%define _build_name_fmt %%{NAME}-%%{VERSION}-%%{RELEASE}-%%{ARCH}.rpm
#编译需要的依赖
#BuildRequires: gcc,make,gcc-c++,pcre-devel
#安装运行需要的依赖
Requires: python >= 2.4.3
Source0: test.py
Source1: test.conf
#description 软件详细描述，可多行
%description
rpm_test by Wanghua
#解压源文件
%prep
#%setup -q
#build 开始编译软件，如make
%build
#install 开始安装软件，如make install
%install
rm -rf ${buildroot}
#建立目录
install -p -d -m 0755 %{buildroot}%{prefix}
install -p -d -m 0755 %{buildroot}%{prefix}/conf
#copy文件
install -p -m 0755 %{SOURCE0} %{buildroot}%{prefix}
install -p -m 0755 %{SOURCE1} %{buildroot}%{prefix}/conf
%files
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{prefix}/conf
%{prefix}/test.py
#%config(noreplace) %{prefix}/conf/test.conf
#封装rpm包后清空虚拟根目录
%clean
rm -rf %{buildroot}
#rpm安装前执行命令,$1==1其中1代表安装，0代表卸载
%pre
if [ $1==1 ]; then
echo "Now start install rpm package."
fi
#rpm包安装后执行命令
%post
if [ $1==1 ]; then
echo "/sbin/chkconfig --add rpm_test"
fi
#rpm包卸载前
%postun
rm -rf %{prefix}
#rpm包卸载后执行命令
%preun
if [ $1==0 ]; then
echo "rpm pkg has been remove"
echo "/sbin/chkconfig --del rpm_test"
fi
%changelog
* Tue Jul 17 2014 firefoxbug
+ rpm test
$ rpmbuild -bb test.spec
.
|-- BUILD
|-- RPMS
| `-- noarch
| `-- rpm_test-0.1-20140716.noarch.rpm
|-- SOURCES
| |-- test.conf
| `-- test.py
|-- SPECS
| `-- test.spec
`-- SRPMS
查看安装信息(已经安装)
$ rpm -ql rpm_test
/usr/local/rpm_test/conf
/usr/local/rpm_test/conf/test.conf
/usr/local/rpm_test/test.py
查看rpm包
$rpm -qlp rpm_test-0.1-20140716.noarch.rpm
/usr/local/rpm_test/conf
/usr/local/rpm_test/conf/test.conf
/usr/local/rpm_test/test.py
查看rpm包安装前后执行的脚本，其实就是spec文件的几个部分
$ rpm -qpl --scripts rpm_test-0.1-20140716.noarch.rpm
preinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ $1==1 ]; then
echo "Now start install rpm package."
fi
#rpm包安装后执行命令
postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ $1==1 ]; then
echo "/sbin/chkconfig --add rpm_test"
fi
#rpm包卸载前
preuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
if [ $1==0 ]; then
echo "rpm pkg has been remove"
echo "/sbin/chkconfig --del rpm_test"
fi
postuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
rm -rf /usr/local/rpm_test
#rpm包卸载后执行命令
/usr/local/rpm_test/conf
/usr/local/rpm_test/conf/test.conf
/usr/local/rpm_test/test.py
rpm包指定格式输出
$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}_|-%{VERSION}_|-%{RELEASE}_|-%{ARCH}\n"
python-simplejson_|-2.0.3_|-3.el5_|-x86_64根据文件查询所在的rpmbao
$rpm -qf /path/nginx.conf
rpm包制作 http://my.oschina.net/sylee/blog/167640
RPM包制作原理 http://my.oschina.net/guol/blog/182310